French1881–1955
Fernand Léger
A French painter, sculptor and filmmaker who made a personal kind of Cubism from cylinders and tubes, nicknamed 'Tubism'. He later moved to a bolder, more figurative and popular style, and is seen as a forerunner of Pop art.
A life in paintings
- 1881Born
- 1907Cubism begins
In Paris, Picasso and Braque start breaking objects into geometric planes.
- 1913The Armory Show
The International Exhibition of Modern Art opens in New York, then travels to Chicago and Boston, giving many Americans their first sight of European modern art.
Source: Wikipedia - 1914The First World War begins
The war breaks up the artists’ circles of Paris, Munich and Berlin.
- 1919
- 1939The Second World War begins
War spreads across Europe, and many European artists move to New York.
Source: Wikipedia - 1955Died
Circles
Exhibition · New York, Chicago, Boston · 1913
Armory Show (1913)
The International Exhibition of Modern Art that introduced European modern art to American audiences, shown in New York, Chicago and Boston in 1913. Members here are artists whose work was included, living or not.
- Alfred Sisley
- Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso
- André Derain
- Camille Pissarro
- Childe Hassam
- Claude Monet
- Edgar Degas
- Édouard Manet
- Edvard Munch
- Edward Hopper
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
- Ferdinand Hodler
- George Wesley Bellows
- Georges Seurat
- Gustave Courbet
- Henri Matisse
- Henri Rousseau
- Henri-Edmond Cross
- Joseph Stella
- Marsden Hartley
- Mary Cassatt
- Maurice Prendergast
- Paul Cézanne
- Paul Signac
- Pierre-Auguste Renoir
- Robert Delaunay
- Vincent van Gogh
- Wassily Kandinsky
- William Glackens
Exhibition · Berlin · 1913
Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon (1913)
The First German Autumn Salon, organised by Herwarth Walden at his Der Sturm gallery in Berlin in 1913 and curated by August Macke and Franz Marc. It included a memorial show for Henri Rousseau.
- Alexej von Jawlensky
- Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso
- August Macke
- Franz Marc
- Henri Rousseau
- Marsden Hartley
- Paul Klee
- Piet Mondrian
- Robert Delaunay
- Wassily Kandinsky
Society · Paris · 1884
Société des Artistes Indépendants
Jury-free annual salon founded 1884 by Seurat, Signac, Dubois-Pillet, Redon and others. Home of Neo-Impressionism; Henri Rousseau first showed there in 1886.
- Georges Seurat
- Henri Matisse
- Henri Rousseau
- Henri-Edmond Cross
- Maximilien Luce
- Paul Signac
- Robert Delaunay
- Vincent van Gogh
Where to see them
Philadelphia Museum of Art
Philadelphia
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