French1839–1906
Paul Cézanne
A painter from Aix-en-Provence who learned open-air painting beside Pissarro. His still lifes, landscapes and figures, built from blocks of colour, were misunderstood in his lifetime and led directly to Cubism.
A life in paintings
- 1839Born
- 1863Salon des Refusés
Paintings rejected by the official Salon are shown in a separate exhibition, and crowds come to see them.
Source: Wikipedia - 1870Franco-Prussian War
France goes to war with Prussia and Paris is besieged.
- 1872Worked with Camille PissarroPontoise and Auvers-sur-Oise
Pissarro settled at Pontoise in 1872; Cézanne moved to neighbouring Auvers and they often painted side by side, sometimes the same motif. It began as master and pupil (Cézanne copied a Pissarro in 1872) and became mutual: Pissarro wrote, 'He became influenced by me at Pontoise and I by him.' Cézanne later styled himself 'pupil of Pissarro'.
Source: Musée d'Orsay - 1874The first Impressionist exhibition
A group of painters show their work independently of the Salon. A critic mocks them as ‘Impressionists’ and the name sticks.
- 1876Was supported by Gustave CaillebotteParis
Caillebotte's bequest included works by Cézanne, several of which the state refused in the controversy of 1894-97.
Source: Musée d'Orsay - 1888
- 1890
- 1906Died
Circles
Exhibition · New York, Chicago, Boston · 1913
Armory Show (1913)
The International Exhibition of Modern Art that introduced European modern art to American audiences, shown in New York, Chicago and Boston in 1913. Members here are artists whose work was included, living or not.
- Alfred Sisley
- Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso
- André Derain
- Camille Pissarro
- Childe Hassam
- Claude Monet
- Edgar Degas
- Édouard Manet
- Edvard Munch
- Edward Hopper
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
- Ferdinand Hodler
- Fernand Léger
- George Wesley Bellows
- Georges Seurat
- Gustave Courbet
- Henri Matisse
- Henri Rousseau
- Henri-Edmond Cross
- Joseph Stella
- Marsden Hartley
- Mary Cassatt
- Maurice Prendergast
- Paul Signac
- Pierre-Auguste Renoir
- Robert Delaunay
- Vincent van Gogh
- Wassily Kandinsky
- William Glackens
Exhibition · Paris · 1874
Impressionist exhibitions
The eight independent group shows, 1874-1886. Pissarro alone showed at all eight; Cassatt at four; Renoir 1874, 1876, 1877, 1882; Seurat and Signac only at the 8th (1886). Manet never exhibited with them.
- Alfred Sisley
- Camille Pissarro
- Claude Monet
- Edgar Degas
- Georges Seurat
- Gustave Caillebotte
- Mary Cassatt
- Paul Signac
- Pierre-Auguste Renoir